• Arthritis and Knee Pain

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    Arthritis and Knee Pain Diagram

    As we age, it is normal to feel different aches and pains in our body where we might not have before. Our muscles, joints, and bones go through several changes that result from the normal wear and tear of movement. One of the most common reasons for pain in the joints is arthritis. Arthritis and knee pain are closely associated together, but all of the major joints can be affected. The condition is prevalent in fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees, ankles, and toes.

    However, when do you know that pain in your knee is arthritis?

    Common Causes for Knee Arthritis

    Although it affects an estimated 1 in 4 adults in the US, not everyone develops osteoarthritis in their lifetime. So, what’s the cause?

    Through wear-and-tear, the cartilage between the the bones in the knee joint wear away. If the layer of padding between the bones wears too thin, then the bones can begin rubbing against each other. This is what causes arthritic pain. Unfortunately, the cause is rather unknown regarding why some people get it and some people don’t. There are certain risk factors that can contribute to a higher chance of developing arthritis in the knee, including:

    1. Age
    2. Bone anomalies
    3. Gout
    4. Injuries
    5. Joint stress, or consistent, intense usage of the joint
    6. Weight

    There is no one factor that doctors can say officially cause osteoarthritis. When it comes to diagnosing arthritis and knee pain, however, if you display any of the above risk factors, it is likely that you’ll be tested for osteoarthritis.

    Symptoms of Arthritis in the Knees

    The signs and symptoms of arthritis often include pain in or around the knee. However, there are several other signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis in the knee joint, including:

    • Creaking, clicking, grinding, or snapping noises in the joint
    • Difficulty walking
    • Weather-dependent joint pain
    • Stiffness in the joint
    • Knee buckling
    • Progressive knee pain
    • Redness around affected area
    • Swelling

    Diagnosing Knee Pain and Arthritis

    Osteoarthritis can be diagnosed in several different ways, but it almost always starts with a physical examination and consideration of your medical history. During the exam, your doctor might ask you about any symptoms you’ve noticed. They also may guide you through a series of movement tests to see:

    • Your knee pain levels,
    • the range of motion in the knee joint and/or patellofemoral joint,
    • leg muscle strength and stability,
    • the presence of any joint swelling or tenderness, or
    • your gait.

    If there is no diagnosis made during the physical exam, your doctor might order blood tests to test for genetic markers/RA antibodies or an X-ray, which can show bone spurs, cysts, and how narrow the joint space is in the knee. In some cases, joint aspiration, or drawing out and testing the synovial fluid in the knee joint.

    Experiencing Knee Pain in Louisville, KY? Come See Orthopaedic Surgeon Dr. Stacie Grossfeld.

    Knee pain is no joke as the knee joint is a major weight-bearing joint that we use every day. If you are experiencing pain and expect it to be arthritis, then it is best to get a diagnosis and work with a doctor to develop a treatment plan. Depending on what stage your arthritis is, that can be anything from a diet or other lifestyle changes to a joint replacement.

    Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists is an expert in knee injuries, knee pain, and knee surgery. If you need a knee doctor, call us today to make an appointment!

    If you or someone you love has suffered a knee injury in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified sports medicine physician Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.

    Ankle Sprain Treatments in Louisville, KY

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    Ankle Sprain Treatments in Louisville KY

    Ankle sprains are very common injuries that affect the ligaments and joint of the ankle. When the ankle is moved quickly or unnaturally without the ligaments having time to warm up, they can stretch and potentially tear. This is good news, since they are very prevalent in sports, but normally do not necessitate a doctor’s visit or too much recovery time. However, while the injury is seen a lot in athletes, since many rely on the feet and ankles to complete quick movements and bear the body’s weight, you can sprain your ankle anywhere. Sometimes, walking up or down stairs, on an uneven surface, or encountering an unanticipated change of elevation can knock you off balance and cause an ankle sprain.

    Ankle sprains are usually minor injuries, with symptoms including pain, swelling, bruising, tenderness, and instability. Because of their nature, many ankle sprain treatments are easy to do at home with over-the-counter pain relief and rest.

    Common Ankle Sprain Treatments

    1. R.I.C.E. Method:

    One of the best ankle sprain treatments is the tried-and-true R.I.C.E. method.

    • Rest sufficiently by getting enough sleep and sitting out of any strenuous activities. This allows the body to heal faster and more completely. Trying to rush back into activities may result in reinjury.
    • Ice the injury 2-3 times per day for 15-20 minutes. Be sure to put a barrier between your skin and the ice pack to avoid nerve injury from the cold.
    • Compress the injury with an elastic bandage, sleeve, or brace to keep swelling down.
    • Elevate the injury above the level of your heart, especially at night, to reduce swelling and inflammation and drain excess fluid around the ankle.

    2. Over-the-Counter Medication:

    Over -the-counter (OTC) medication is commonly used for minor injuries like ankle sprains. You can buy them in the pharmaceutical section of grocery stores or other pharmacy stores. Normally, they are used in conjunction with other recovery methods. They include:

    • NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like
      • Aspirin (Bayer®, St. Joseph®), Ibuprofen (Motrin®, Advil®), and Naproxen sodium (Aleve®)
    • Acetaminophen
      • Tylenol® and Excedrin®

    3. Physical Therapy

    When an ankle ligament stretches or tears, the ankle becomes destabilized. Without proper strengthening and reconditioning exercises to rebuild the muscle and restore the ligament’s durability, there is a high potential for reinjury. Athletes might strengthen the ligament by returning to training, but non-athletes should take additional rehabilitation steps. Good ankle strengthening exercises include:

    • Daily stretching, especially with the addition of resistance bands or other tools
    • Ankle mobility exercises like the “Ankle Alphabet”
    • Side-to-side knee swings
    • Single-leg balancing

    4. Stabilizing Devices

    After the initial injury, ankle sprains can be very painful, even if they aren’t very serious. For more severe sprains, you may want to talk to your doctor about crutches or an orthopedic boot. Casts are rarely used, but ankle supports, ankle wraps, and ankle braces can help reduce swelling and give you a sense of stability. When using these items, however, be sure to incorporate strengthening exercises in tandem. Without full weight-bearing activities helping to restrengthen the ligaments, the ankle may become more unstable than it would without the aids.

    Need Treatment for a Sever Ankle Sprain? Call Dr. Stacie Grossfeld

    If your pain increases, or the at-home ankle sprain treatments do not help your injury, it may be time to seek out a doctor. Dr. Stacie Grossfeld is board-certified in both sports medicine and orthopedic surgery. We can get your ankle sprain back up to standard so that you can continue using your joints to their highest ability. Let us take care of you!

    If you or someone you love has suffered an ankle sprain injury in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified sports medicine physician Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.

    5 Ways to Manage Extreme Osteoarthritis

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    Extreme osteoarthritis

    Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. It is a degenerative joint disease that caused by the wear and tear of cartilage around joints. Without the barrier, we experience inflammation as the bones change shape or grind against each other. This inflammation results in the pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility associated with arthritis. Osteoarthritis can affect people of all ages, even if it is more common in older adults, and range from minor pain to debilitating. For the more serious cases, what are some way to manage extreme osteoarthritis?

    1. Lifestyle Changes

    While it might seem counter intuitive, exercise is one of the best ways to manage osteoarthritis. Physical activity keeps people from gaining too weight and putting more strain on the joints. It also strengthens the muscles around affected joints at the same time, which helps joint blood flow and mobility. Physical activity and exercise can be a lot of things, too; it does not have to be a drastic lifestyle change! Consider:

    • Cleaning the house more often
    • Caring for a garden
    • Swimming for 30 minutes or taking a water aerobics class at your local pool
    • Taking a short walk every day
    • Stretching for 15-30 minutes in the morning and at night

    2. Diet Changes

    Paying more attention to your diet can help manage pain in multiple ways. It is the other proponent to keeping a manageable weight, which has the benefits stated above. However, it can also affect the level of inflammation you experience. Some foods and beverages can cause inflammation, while others are non-inflammatory and contain vitamins, healthy fats, and antioxidants. Some non-inflammatory foods to include in your diet are:

    • Fatty Fish
    • Leafy Greens
    • Berries
    • Turmeric
    • Ginger
    • Nuts and Seeds
    • Olive Oil
    • Cruciferous Vegetables
    • Tomatoes
    • Green Tea
    • Whole Grains
    • Lean Protein

    3. Medication

    While there is no medication that can “cure” osteoarthritis, you can get medication that will manage the pain and inflammation. Most medications are over-the-counter. These include NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and celecoxib), topical ointments (capsaicin, menthol, or lidocaine), and select analgesics (acetaminophen).

    However, for extreme osteoarthritis, doctors may prescribe drugs like opioids, oral corticosteroids, or other drugs on the market that have improved pain symptoms like duloxetine or pregabalin.

    4. Injections

    Corticosteroids come in an injectable form alongside the oral medication. The injects usually have a faster and more targeted effect as the medication is injected directly into the affected joint. These injections vary in how long they last and can provide relief from a few weeks to a few months. Another injection that those with extreme osteoarthritis can benefit from is platelet-rich plasma injections, which is an emerging form of therapy that uses a patients’ own platelets to repair tissue and reduce inflammation.

    5. Surgery

    For the most extreme osteoarthritis cases, surgery is an option. Joint replacement surgery replaces the affected joint with a metal, plastic, or ceramic joint prothesis. The prothesis acts as a healthy joint and keeps bones from rubbing against each other.

    Orthopaedic Doctor in Louisville, KY

    If you have extreme osteoarthritis pain or need to consult a doctor for a joint replacement surgery, Dr. Stacie Grossfeld is a double-board certified orthopedic surgeon in Louisville, KY. She specializes in orthopedic surgery, sports medicine, and

    If you or someone you love suffers from osteoarthritis in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified sports medicine physician Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.

    From the Desk of Dr. Stacie Grossfeld: Reflecting on the 2024 Paris Olympics

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    Dr. Grossfeld Olympics ReflectionThe 2024 Olympics in Paris were an incredible display of athletic skill. However, they also served as a powerful reminder of the importance of taking care of our bodies. Especially our bones, muscles, and joints! As an orthopedic surgeon, I see the Olympics as a great example of how peak performance and good musculoskeletal health go hand-in-hand.

    Olympic athletes train for years to reach their level of excellence. However, this intense training came with a higher risk of injuries. Common training injuries are ACL tears, Achilles tendon ruptures, stress fractures, and tendinitis. These athletes had to focus not only on their training but also on injury prevention.

    For those of us who are active but not Olympians, there are important lessons to learn from their experience. First, a balanced fitness routine is key. This means incorporating strength training, stretching, and cardiovascular exercises to improve overall fitness and reduce the risk of injury. Warming up before exercise and cooling down afterward are also important to protect your muscles and joints.

    Listening to your body is another critical lesson. Many injuries, especially overuse injuries like tendinitis, start small and gradually worsen. If you experience persistent pain, swelling, or a limited range of motion, it’s important to seek medical advice before the issue becomes more serious.

    The 2024 Olympics also highlighted the value of proper rehabilitation. Athletes often used advanced treatments that are available as the best of the best. But the basic principles—early treatment, personalized care, and a gradual return to activity—apply to everyone. A good rehabilitation plan, tailored to your specific needs, is essential for recovery and preventing future injuries.

    Lastly, the mental side of recovery is just as important. Olympic athletes show tremendous mental strength during their recoveries, and this is something everyone can learn from. Staying positive, setting achievable goals, and being patient with the healing process are all crucial for a successful return to your favorite activities.

    Looking back at the 2024 Olympics, we can be inspired by the athletes and also take away the important message that taking care of our musculoskeletal health is key to enjoying an active life. Whether you’re training for a big event or just trying to stay fit, focusing on injury prevention, proper training, and smart recovery will help you stay healthy and active for the long term.

    Who are Your Favorite Athletes and Why?

    Reflecting on the 2024 Olympics, three athletes stood out to me for their incredible performances and inspiring stories: Simone Biles, Sifan Hassan, and Gabby Thomas.

    Simone Biles, already a gymnastics legend, demonstrated remarkable resilience by making a triumphant return to the Olympics. She captured more medals and proved that mental health is just as important as physical prowess.

    Sifan Hassan’s endurance on the track was nothing short of astonishing. Competing in multiple long-distance events, she displayed unmatched stamina and determination, pushing the limits of human performance. She won a gold medal in the marathon with an exciting finish, a bronze medal in the 5000m, and another bronze medal in the 10,000m race. She raced over 38 miles during the games, which is an incredible feat!

    Gabby Thomas also made headlines with her speed and grace on the track. Not only did she excel in the 200 meters, but her pursuit of academic success as a Harvard graduate while training for the Olympics is a testament to her dedication both on and off the field.

    These athletes embody the spirit of perseverance, balance, and excellence, making them my favorites from the 2024 Games.

    If you or someone you love has suffered a sports injury in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified sports medicine physician Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.

    Gout and Pseudogout

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    Gout and Pseudogout treatment in Louisville KY

    Gout and pseudogout are two conditions that have a lot of similarities. But how are they different? Are they different? Despite sounding alike and having similar symptoms, the two are different! There are a few key differences between them that can be difficult to pick out. In fact, it would take a microscope to know for sure which is which.

    Gout is caused by hyperuricemia (too much uric acid in the body). Pseudogout is a condition known as calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (CPPD). In simple terms, gout and pseudogout develop due to different types of crystals in the joints.

    Causes of Gout vs Pseudogout

    The different types of crystals that form in the joints are the physical causes of gout and pseudogout. Gout is the result of sodium urate crystals that appear in and around joints. They form due to high levels of uric acid. Uric acid is your body’s natural method of breaking down purines in foods and the body. But when there is an overproduction of uric acid, it crystalizes and builds up in joints, fluids, and tissues within the body and produces the inflammation and joint damage that characterize gout. Obesity, insulin resistance, high cholesterol, heart disease, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease have been associated with gout.

    Pseudogout is the result of calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CPP). These crystals form and build up in the joint cartilage. Unlike uric acid, it is unknown why CPP crystals form. However, excess iron or calcium, low magnesium, an abnormal thyroid gland, or a genetic predisposition may be contributing factors.

    Symptoms of Gout and Pseudogout

    The symptoms gout include a sudden and severe arthritic attack characterized by a red, hot, swollen, and painful joint. After the attack is over, people with this conditions experience no symptoms at all, so it is difficult to anticipate the next. While it can affect any joint, over 50% of gout cases occur in the big toe, with the ankle, lesser toe joints, and knees also common sites of inflammation. Gout also usually only affects one joint.

    This differs from pseudogout, which has a higher chance of affecting multiple joints, usually the knees. The symptoms are almost identical to gout, with joints becoming red, swollen, and warm during the sudden and severe attacks.

    Diagnosis of Gout and Pseudogout

    As mentioned before, you would have to use a microscope to differentiate between CPP crystals and sodium urate crystals. A common way that gout and pseudogout are diagnosed is via fluid that is drawn from around an affected joint and then analyzed. However, gout diagnosis usually relies on your history of arthritic attacks along with exam findings, since some people who experience gout have low uric acid levels at times. CPPD is diagnosable via MRIs, ultrasounds, CT scans, and X-rays on top of lab tests.

    Treatments for Gout and Pseudogout

    Gout and pseudogout have different treatments, despite the symptoms being so similar. Gout is treated with a unique combination of dietary and lifestyle modifications and medication. The different medications include:

    • Drugs to ease inflammation:
      • Colchicine (Colcrys)
      • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
      • Glucocorticoid (steroid) pills or shots
    • Drugs to lower uric acid in the blood to the recommended 6ml/dL level:
      • Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
      • Febuxostat (Uloric)
    • Drugs that help the kidneys remove excess uric acid:
      • Probenecid (Benemid)
      • Lesinurad (Zurampic)
      • Pegloticase (Krystexxa)

    Pseudogout has less treatment methods available, since much about the disease is still unknown. There is no way to dissolve the calcium pyrophosphate crystals, but there are ways to manage the pain. Common treatments include:

    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat joint pain and swelling
    • Draining fluid from affected joints
    • Corticosteroid injections
    • Drugs like methotrexate, colchicine, or the interleukin beta-1 antagonist anakinra (Kineret)
    • Surgery to repair or replace damaged joints

    Gout and Pseudogout Treatment in Louisville, KY

    Gout and pseudogout are painful conditions to live with. Diet and lifestyle may help mitigate the effects, but sometime medical intervention is necessary. Orthopaedic Specialists specializes in joint pain and pain management. If you need a corticosteroid injection or joint surgery, contact board-certified orthopedic surgeon Dr. Stacie Grossfeld today!

    If you or someone you love has suffered an injury in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified sports medicine physician Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.

    Golf Courses in Louisville

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    Finding an activity you enjoy that helps you get outside and active is great for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Staying in shape, having fun, and challenging your mind and body does wonders for people of all ages! One activity that checks all of these boxes is golfing. Luckily, the golf courses in Louisville, KY are truly second to none. With 28 golf courses throughout Louisville, there is no shortage of beautiful courses that offer a quality golfing experience.  

    Louisville Metro Golf Courses

    Our city has 9 public golf courses that Louisville Parks and Recreation maintains. These courses make the game of golf more affordable and accessible for everyone! Rates differ between courses and typically vary depending on the time of day. These courses include:

    Bobby Nichols Golf Course

    This is a beautiful 9-hole course takes the name of Louisvillian and PGA professional Bobby Nichols. The fairways are lined with trees, there are large, bunkered greens, and Nichols Creek tests golfers’ straight tee shots. Bobby Nichols is a hidden gem of a course and is perfect for those who are up for a challenge. 

    Charlie Vettiner Golf Course

    This gorgeous 18-hole golf course has rolling hills, bent grass greens, and zoysia fairways. Although Charlie Vettiner golf course has been rated as the 7th most challenging course in Kentucky, it still allows golfers of all levels of skill the ability to play.  

    Cherokee Golf Course

    Cherokee is the oldest public golf course in Louisville, KY. However, it is also the shortest of the Louisville Metro Parks golf courses. This 9-hole course is a great option if you’re looking to get in a quick game! 

    Seneca Golf Course

    Seneca Golf Course is one of the most popular public golf courses in Louisville, KY and has been rated one of the toughest courses in Louisville. This 18-hole course offers gorgeous views as it winds through Seneca park. Seneca golf course is a family-friendly course as well as a great option for the more serious golfer. 

    Shawnee Golf Course

    An 18-hole course that is centrally located, Shawnee has been one of Louisville golfers’ favorite courses since 1926. It is another beginner-friendly course that offers beautiful views as it is alongside the Ohio River. 

    We can’t go without mentioning the 4 remaining public Louisville Metro Golf Courses you should check out, which include:

    • Crescent Hill Golf Course 
    • Iroquois Golf Course
    • Long Run Golf Course 
    • Sun Valley Golf Course  

    Nevel Meade Golf Course 

    Another great public golf course option that is not affiliated with Louisville Parks and Recreation is Nevel Meade Golf Course. While the cost to play is slightly higher than the Louisville Metro Golf Courses, it is a gorgeous 18-hole course that has rolling terrain, a freshwater spring, and large heather grass areas. You can even take lessons from PGA Head Professional, Robert Costello!

    Topgolf Louisville

    If you’re looking for a fun way to work on your swing, you need to check out Topgolf! Topgolf is essentially a high-tech driving range where you can have parties, play games, and enjoy good food and drinks with friends and family. It is also a great option for when traditional golf courses close for the season or when the weather is less than ideal. Topgolf is open year-round and the hitting bays are climate-controlled for maximum comfort. 

    Private Golf Courses in Louisville, KY

    If you’re looking for a more private golfing experience, there are several popular private golf courses in Louisville, KY. Private golf courses typically require you to be a member in order to play, but there are some exceptions where clubs will allow members to bring guests. 

    Valhalla Golf Club

    As a result of hosting 4 PGA Championships since 1996, Valhalla is one of the most well-known private golf clubs in Louisville, KY. The course consists of over 500 acres. Its design features the work of all-time major Champion, Jack Nicklaus. It is a challenging course that any golf fan would be impressed by.

    Woodhaven Country Club

    Woodhaven Country Club is another option to choose from for those wanting a private golfing experience as it is a members only course. The course is 18-holes and challenges all skill levels. There is also the additional nine hole Par 3 golf course that is perfect for beginners and families who wish to golf together. Overall, Woodhaven has a solid course that Louisville golfers love. 

    Golf Injury Doctor in Louisville, KY

    Whether you’re a beginner who is just starting out or a well-seasoned golfer, there is a course out there for everyone in Louisville no matter the age or skill level! However, it is important to keep in mind the risk of injury when partaking in a physical activity such as golf. If you start to experience symptoms of golfer’s elbow, lower back pain, or shoulder pain, you can always contact Orthopaedic Specialists’ board-certified orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Stacie Grossfeld!

    If you or someone you love has suffered a golf injury in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified orthopedic surgeon Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.

    New Sports Coming to the 2028 Summer Olympics

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    New Sports at the Summer Olympics 2028

    As we all know, the 2024 Summer Olympics have officially begun in Paris, France. We are all excited for the matchups, but some of us are certainly looking forward to the 2028 Summer Olympics, which will be held in Los Angeles, CA! It will be exciting to watch an international stage set in the US. What’s more, it will be exciting to see the addition of sports that have deep ties to American culture.

    This year, we see the comeback of 5 sports that saw their debut at the 2020 Summer Olympic games:

    • Breaking, or Breakdancing, which actually officially debuted at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games.
    • Skateboarding
    • Sport Climbing (including bouldering, speed climbing, and lead climbing)
    • Surfing
    • 3×3 Basketball

    However, there have been 5 additional sports that will be new(ish) to the docket in 2028 as well:

    Flag Football

    Flag football is a sport originating from Fort Meade, Maryland. During WWII, it allowed military personnel to play football without sustaining injuries. Now, the sport has been adopted by schools and organizations across the world. In it, two teams of 4-10 players with flags hanging from a belt play the normal rules of American football. The difference is that, instead of tackling, removing a flag will result in a down. It will be interesting to see how it debuts in 2028!

    Squash

    Originating from England, this sport evolved from the game of tennis. The premise of the sport is that a team consisting of doubles or singles players hits a hollow rubber ball off of the walls of a 4-walled court in a receive-and-return manner similar to tennis. There are out-of-bounds lines on the walls and specific boxes where players can serve. Players also cannot purposefully or accidentally obstruct the others’ movements. Approximately 20 million people across the world play the game of squash, so its debut is long-awaited!

    Baseball and Softball

    Baseball and softball are only relatively new to the Summer Olympics. They have been included in the Games in the past, even as recently as Tokyo 2020, but will not be a part of the 2024 Games. As far as the games go, the histories are rather murky. Baseball is the result of a long evolution from the game of ’rounders’ in England. In turn, softball is a variation of baseball originating from Chicago, Illinois on Thanksgiving Day in 1887.

    Both games include teams of 9 players spread out across a field. These teams take turns batting and baserunning on offense and pitching/catching/fielding on defense in the field. The team switch after the offensive team gets 3 outs. An Olympic game consists of nine innings for baseball and seven innings for softball.

    Cricket

    Cricket is another game that has previously been played at the Olympics. However, the last time it was included in the Games was 1900, despite the earliest reference dating back to 1598. In regard to gameplay, Cricket is a predecessor to baseball and softball and therefore has a similar set up. It is played with two teams of 11 players on a field that contains a wicket at each end, which marks the player’s spot. A ball is ‘bowled’ from the bowler, and the striker tries to hit the ball before switching with a second teammate who stands at the wicker with them. Players are dismissed when a ball dislodges the strikers’ bails on the wicket or is caught before it hits the ground once stuck. Innings are over once 10 players have been dismissed.

    Lacrosse

    Finally, lacrosse has also featured in the Summer Olympics before, back in 1904 and 1908. It is the oldest organized sport in North America and originates from the indigenous people of North America. European colonists modified it into the sport we play today. There are several forms of lacrosse, but the 2028 version for both men and women will be ‘sixes.’ This version is compact and fast-paced; it is a combination of field and box lacrosse. Learn more about the sixes style from World Lacrosse!

    Have a Sports Injury? Meet Dr. Stacie Grossfeld, Board-Certified Sports Medicine Physician in Louisville, KY

    While some sports are safer than others, injuries happen all the time. Whether it be squash, lacrosse, baseball, football, pickleball, wrestling, cross country running, or otherwise, Orthopaedic Specialists is here to help. We specialize in sports injuries, and can help you recover to get you back on track to your passion.

    If you or someone you love has suffered a sports injury in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified sports medicine physician Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.

    Tennis Elbow Band: How It Works

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    Tennis Elbow Band Louisville KY

    Tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis, is a painful condition resulting from overuse of the forearm muscles and tendons near the elbow joint. Despite its name, this ailment is not limited to tennis players. It can affect anyone engaging in repetitive arm and wrist activities. The primary symptom is pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow. This pain may extend down the forearm and wrist, especially when gripping objects or lifting. A tennis elbow band can help to reduce pain.

    Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

    The underlying cause of tennis elbow is microtears in the tendons attaching the forearm muscles to the lateral epicondyle, a bony prominence on the outer elbow. These microtears result from repetitive stress and overuse, leading to inflammation and pain. Common activities that can trigger tennis elbow include playing racquet sports, painting, plumbing, and using hand tools extensively.

    Preventive measures for lateral epicondylitis include proper technique in sports and activities, strengthening forearm muscles, and taking regular breaks to avoid repetitive strain.

    Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient’s activity history. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation, usually through:

    • Rest
    • Ice
    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
    • Physical therapy
    • Physical assistance items like counterforce elbow bands

    A tennis elbow band is recommended to reduce strain on the affected tendons. Severe or persistent cases might require corticosteroid injections or even surgery to remove damaged tissue and promote healing. A tennis elbow band, also called a counterforce brace, helps relieve the pain of tennis elbow by reducing the stress on the affected area. 

    Here’s how it works:

    1. Spreads Pressure: The band applies gentle pressure to the forearm muscles, changing the direction of the force on the tendon. This spreads out the pressure and takes it off the painful spot.

    2. Reduces Strain: By moving the stress away from the elbow, the band eases the strain on the injured tendon, helping to reduce pain and prevent further injury.

    3. Supports Muscles: The band provides support to the forearm muscles, reducing muscle fatigue and preventing overuse. This support helps the muscles work more effectively and heal faster.

    4. Eases Pain: The brace provides less strain on the tendon and more support for the muscles, reducing the overall pain from tennis elbow and making it easier to move and use the arm.

    For the band to be effective, it should fit snugly below the elbow but not be too tight. Proper placement is important to get the best results. The tennis elbow band must be worn 24/7 except for personal care for a total of 6 weeks to get the best results. 

    If you or someone you love has suffered a sports (can be topic-specific if necessary) injury in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified sports medicine physician Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.

    Hip Bursitis Treatment in Louisville, KY

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    Hip Bursitis Treatment Louisville KY

    Hip Bursitis

    Hip bursitis is inflammation of the bursa, a small, fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues. The iliotibial band is a common cause for hip bursitis, causing irritation and inflammation as it crosses the greater trochanteric region of the hip bone. The main symptom is pain on the outside of your hip, which can become sharp and intense, especially when you press on it or lie on that side. You might notice the pain worsening with activities like walking, climbing stairs, or standing for long periods. Women tend to get hip bursitis much more than men because they have a wider pelvis, but middle-aged and elder people are also affected more often. Bursa pain is no joke, but there are several methods of hip bursitis treatment that you can try to help manage the pain.

    Hip Bursitis Treatment

    To manage hip bursitis, Dr. Grossfeld recommends:

    1. Rest and Activity Modification

    Avoid activities that aggravate the pain. It’s crucial to listen to your body and avoid activities that worsen your symptoms while you recover. Common activities that increase inflammation of the bursa are:

    • Running
    • Bicycling
    • Deep Squats
    • Leg Lifts
    • Cardio Machines (Treadmills, Stairmasters, Ellipticals)
    • Sideways Exercises

    Hip bursitis often interferes with daily activities, like walking for long periods of time or sitting for a long time. Some people find a walking aid helpful, but its important to address the pain so that you can keep your muscles strong.

    2. Ice

    Ice, or ice therapy, reduces inflammation, especially when it comes to hip bursitis. You can use an ice pack or a bag of ice, and then apply it to your hip several times per day. It is recommended to do this for no longer than 20 minutes, and to have a cloth or wrap between your skin and the ice pack.

    3. Medications

    Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications can also be effective for bursa pain. NSAIDS like ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen can provide relief if you have no history of stomach ulcers or kidney disease. If you do have a history of these conditions or any other concerns, always ask your primary care doctor before taking medication.

    4. Hip Bursitis Physical Therapy

    Training your body to move correctly and strengthen the appropriate muscles so that the bursa is supported can be a great pain management tool. Stretching exercises improve flexibility, while strengthening exercises enhance hip stability and reduce strain on the bursa. If you get your hip bursitis diagnoses by a doctor, then usually your insurance will help you pay for it!

    5. Corticosteroid Injections 

    If conservative treatments don’t provide enough relief, an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid injection directly into the bursa can reduce inflammation and pain. If you have questions about this process, the effects, or how it works, feel free to ask your doctor or call us at 502-212-2663 for a consultation.

    6. Additional Interventions for Hip Bursitis

    Persistent or severe symptoms may require more intensive physical therapy or, in rare cases, surgery.  However, most people find significant improvement with a combination of rest, ice, medication, and physical therapy. If the pain does not resolve, it is usually recommended to get an MRI scan, which can rule out a tendon tear masquerading as hip bursitis.

    If you or someone you love suffers from hip bursitis in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified sports medicine physician Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.

    Addressing Osteosarcopenia to Reduce Hip Fracture Risk in Older Adults

    Posted by Orthopaedic Specialists

    Hip Fractures Due to Osteosarcopenia

    As we age, we wear down our bones, joints, muscles, and cartilage. Some people experience arthritis, bone spurs, or osteoarthritis. Others might begin getting more injuries like tears, sprains, or breaks. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two common conditions that weaken bones and muscles as people age. They are very prominent in the aging community, as they contribute to a lot of injuries and pain. Osteosarcopenia is the combination of the conditions.

    These conditions make it harder to move around, increase the chances of falling and breaking bones, and create a large burden on healthcare. Orthopaedic doctors can help diagnose and treat these conditions, improving patients’ lives.

    What is Osteosarcopenia?

    Osteosarcopenia means having both osteoporosis (weak bones) and sarcopenia (loss of muscle). This term was only recently coined, but the issue has persisted for far longer. It becomes more common with age, affecting:

    • 14.3% of men and 20.3% of women aged 60-64
    • 59.4% of men and 48.3% of women aged 75+

    Each is a unique condition with its own set of diagnosis and treatment methods. What’s the real difference between Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis?

    Sarcopenia

    Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength, usually starting around age 60. Inactivity, low testosterone, genetics, and poor nutrition can contribute to the condition’s onset. Sarcopenia symptoms include:

    • Falling more often
    • Difficulty carrying out daily activities
    • Experiencing a slower-than-normal walking pace
    • Muscle weakness and loss

    The symptoms can be subtle, and it is important that the aging population pays attention to their bodies. Sarcopenia can significantly lower your quality of life and can lead to serious health problems if not addressed. It also increases the need for hospital stays, as well as prolongs them. Financially, it’s better to address Sarcopenia before this happens!

    Diagnosing Sarcopenia

    Diagnosis looks at muscle strength, muscle size or quality, and physical performance. Usually, it is diagnosis includes simple tests, like measuring grip strength and using scans such as DXA, CT, or MRI. However, physical tests like walking speed and how quickly you can get up and go can also reveal symptoms of the condition. Any test that measures muscle mass and function can be a good indicator of sarcopenia.

    Osteoporosis

    Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone density, or a porous bone. It makes the bones in our body brittle, weak, and susceptible to breaks and fractures. Factors that increase the risk of osteoporosis include:

    • Sex
    • Age
    • Body Size
    • Race
    • Genetics
    • Hormone Changes
    • Diet
    • Existing Medical Conditions
    • Medications
    • Low Activity Levels
    • Heavy Alcohol Use
    • Smoking

    Diagnosing Osteoporosis

    Osteoporosis is diagnosed through routine osteoporosis screenings, where BMD, or bone mineral density, tests are conducted. Women over 65 years old, men over the age of 70, and anyone who has high-risk factors are encouraged to get regular screenings. Cases of unexpected bone breaks almost always warrant a bone density test, as well.

    However, physical symptoms that doctors might check for include:

    • Loss of height and weight
    • Changes in posture
    • Balance and gait
    • Muscle strength

    Treating Osteosarcopenia

    1. Lifestyle Changes

    While osteosarcopenia cannot be fully reversed, it can be managed. Lifestyle changes are one of the effective treatments that you can take.

    • Doctors always recommend getting proper nutrition, vitamins, and minerals. This might include taking calcium, vitamin D, and protein supplements.
    • Regular exercise reduces fall risk and helps manage or prevent osteosarcopenia. Increasing your physical activity, especially strength training, is very effective at improving bone strength, muscle mass, and overall function. Balance and aerobic exercises help, but they need more research for strong recommendations.
    • Cut out or reducing your alcohol intake.
    • Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke.
    • Visit the doctor for regular done density checks.

    2. Medications

    Right now, there are no specific drugs for sarcopenia. However, osteoporosis is treated with a variety of different medications. These include:

    • Bisphosphonates, which help to slow bone loss.
    • Hormone-replacement therapy, which can offset the effects of menopausal bone loss and other hormone-related risk factors.
    • Denosumab, a bone loss prevention injection usually used when other medicinal options do not perform as expected.
    • Bone-building drugs, which usually strengthen bones and cause bone-building cells to work harder.

    Future Outlook

    Osteosarcopenia is a growing concern for the elderly and aging community. The number of hip fractures are expected to double by 2050, making it crucial to address osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Doctors should encourage healthy lifestyles and strength exercise programs, but more research is necessary to find the best types, intensities, and frequencies of exercise.

    If you or someone you love has suffered from and osteoporosis, sarcopenia, or osteosarcopenia injury in the Louisville, Kentucky-area, board certified sports medicine physician Dr. Stacie Grossfeld at Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC can help. Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC is accepting new patients, and same day appointments are available. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, please contact Orthopaedic Specialists PLLC today at 502-212-2663.